{"id":2438,"date":"2015-09-11T09:02:53","date_gmt":"2015-09-11T09:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2438"},"modified":"2015-09-11T09:02:53","modified_gmt":"2015-09-11T09:02:53","slug":"direct-injection-for-cng-engines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2438","title":{"rendered":"Direct injection for CNG engines"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h2>\n

Direct injection is not only something for diesel and gasoline engines. In compressed natural gas (CNG) engines, it could also make cars even more economical and eco-friendly. Driving enjoyment would also be boosted: compared with present systems that use manifold gas injection, it could deliver as much as 60 percent more torque at low rpm, and offer the prospect of an even more dynamic driving experience in the CNG cars of the future. However, there is still no technology for directly injecting natural gas into the combustion chamber. In the Direct4Gas project, researchers now want to develop a direct injection system for monovalent engines, or engines that run exclusively on CNG.<\/p>\n

Complying with exacting emissions standards<\/h2>\n

Even now, there are plenty of good reasons for choosing a CNG engine. The compressed natural gas used in passenger cars is inexpensive, and emissions from the vehicles (and thus also vehicle tax in many countries) are low. But this alternative fuel has much greater potential: CNG is mainly composed of methane, whose chemical composition means that cars powered by natural gas could emit far less CO2 than at present. In combination with modifications to the engine, the saving could be as much as 33 percent over a comparable gasoline-powered car. However, this all depends on combustion processes that are tailored precisely to natural gas. By 2020, newly registered vehicles in the EU will not be permitted to emit more than 95 grams of CO2 per kilometer on average. By 2025, this limit could be even lower. Efficient CNG vehicles can help meet exacting emissions standards, and this not only because they emit less CO2. Emissions of particulate matter are also significantly lower than from gasoline or diesel engines.<\/p>\n

Gasoline direct injection points the way forward<\/h2>\n

Today’s CNG vehicles are generally bivalent, running on gasoline and CNG with engines designed for gasoline direct injection. For CNG operation, they are fitted with an additional manifold injection system for methane. \u201cThe problem with this configuration is that neither the combustion process nor the values for efficiency and emissions can be optimized. For this to happen, the CNG \u2013 like the gasoline \u2013 needs to be injected directly into the combustion chamber,\u201d says Dr. Andreas Birkefeld, the project leader from Robert Bosch GmbH. Because methane behaves differently from gasoline when injected directly, it is important to optimize the combustion process for methane.<\/p>\n

\"Direct4Gas-Infografik_EN_150908\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The Direct4Gas researchers and engineers will design samples of a direct injector that satisfies much higher standards than the manifold injection valves used up to now. It will have to be especially robust, gas-tight, and reliable, and meter the CNG very precisely. Modifications to the engine itself are to be kept to a minimum, so that the industry can continue using the same components as for gasoline engines. The project team will equip experimental gas engines with the newly developed injector, and test it in the laboratory and in vehicles. Researchers will also examine mixture formation, ignition, and exhaust-gas treatment and develop specific solutions. Direct injection will also be superior to manifold injection in the low-rpm range that is so important for handling: the researchers estimate that direct injection will increase the amount of torque that can be delivered by as much as 60 percent. This would make the CNG engines of the future significantly more dynamic.<\/p>\n

A step toward production-readiness<\/h2>\n

The long-term objective of the consortium of automotive suppliers and automakers is to create the conditions needed for making the technology ready for production, and the project is an important step toward this goal. The consortium is led by Robert Bosch GmbH. Other partners include Daimler AG and the Research Institute of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS). Umicore AG & Co. KG is an associated partner. Following a resolution of the German Bundestag, Direct4Gas is supported with 3.8 million euros from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy as part of the \u201cIncreasing vehicle powertrain efficiency\u201d initiative. The project started in January 2015 and will run until the end of 2017.<\/p>\n

(Source: Bosch Media)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction Direct injection is not only something for diesel and gasoline engines. In compressed natural gas (CNG) engines, it could also make cars even more economical and eco-friendly. Driving enjoyment would also be boosted: compared with present systems that use manifold gas injection, it could deliver as much as 60 percent more torque at low […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[39,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alternative-fuel","category-automotive"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p79TdE-Dk","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1778,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=1778","url_meta":{"origin":2438,"position":0},"title":"Eight steps to a more economical car","author":"Tom Denton","date":"February 27, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"(Source: Bosch Media) February marks the start of car buying season \u2013 and cost-effective drive systems are an ever more prominent factor in their choices. Modern powertrain technology can cut fuel bills by several hundred euros. Examples include Bosch's expanded start\/ stop function and adaptive cruise control (ACC), which by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2383,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2383","url_meta":{"origin":2438,"position":1},"title":"Electrification and internet in the car","author":"Tom Denton","date":"May 7, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Bosch is linking new technologies to gasoline and diesel \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gasoline engines: 350 bar for direct injection \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diesel engines: 48-volt hybrid to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dr. Rolf Bulander: \u201cBits and bytes are making cars more efficient\u201d Paper for download: Dr. Rolf Bulander - Powertrain optimization using a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"1-DS-19451-e","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1737,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=1737","url_meta":{"origin":2438,"position":2},"title":"Under Pressure\u2026","author":"Tom Denton","date":"November 29, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Higher injection pressure saves fuel and also increases performance and torque. \"Over the next decade, the vast majority of diesel engines will manage with injection pressures of around 2,000 bar. Although 3,000 bar is not unrealistic, it will be limited to racing cars and high-performance diesel engines.\" (Dr. Markus Heyn,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1509,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=1509","url_meta":{"origin":2438,"position":3},"title":"Production milestone for gasoline direct injection","author":"Tom Denton","date":"November 16, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"50 million injection valves and 10 million high-pressure pumps manufactured at Bosch Rapid market growth continues Gasoline direct injection is key for economical engines Up to 15 percent lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions Global manufacturing network Gasoline direct injection systems are continuing to enjoy rapid market growth. 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