{"id":1737,"date":"2013-11-29T13:17:05","date_gmt":"2013-11-29T12:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.atttraining.com\/auto\/?p=1737"},"modified":"2014-03-28T14:13:08","modified_gmt":"2014-03-28T14:13:08","slug":"under-pressure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=1737","title":{"rendered":"Under Pressure\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Higher injection pressure saves fuel and also increases performance and torque. “Over the next decade, the vast majority of diesel engines will manage with injection pressures of around 2,000 bar. Although 3,000 bar is not unrealistic, it will be limited to racing cars and high-performance diesel engines.” (Dr. Markus Heyn, President of the Diesel Systems division at Robert Bosch GmbH)
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 1 Diesel facts. The diesel engine offers the ideal combination of fuel economy and driving pleasure, particularly appreciated by business travellers and commuters.
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Common-rail diesel:<\/span> The CRS3-25 common-rail system features Bosch’s first piezo injector for passenger vehicles that works with an injection pressure of 2,500 bar. With their higher injection pressure, the new piezo models from Bosch are at the technological vanguard. The optimized fuel injection system atomizes the fuel more finely, improving combustion. Lower consumption is just one advantage of this technology.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

By way of comparison:<\/span> The pressure generated by a common-rail system is roughly equivalent to the pressure a 2,000-kilogram rhinoceros would exert standing on a fingernail. The compressed fuel is then finely dispersed at the speed of a supersonic jet.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Enhanced performance:<\/span> A higher injection pressure generates greater specific power and increases torque. This is why increasing an engine’s injection pressure makes it more powerful: the time available for combustion is extremely limited as soon as an engine is running at full load and high engine speed. This means the fuel must be injected into the engine very quickly at high pressure in order to achieve optimum power yield.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Turbo:<\/span> The more air there is in the combustion chamber, the higher the injection pressure must be. A large amount of fuel has to be introduced within a short space of time to achieve a combustible air-fuel mixture. Multiple turbocharged engines \u2013 particularly bi-turbo and tri-turbo models \u2013 benefit from injection pressures in excess of 2,000 bar.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Emissions:<\/span> A higher injection pressure is a key factor in reducing an engine’s untreated emissions. Indeed, in compact-class vehicles it can often even help to avoid the need for exhaust gas treatment. The greater the injection pressure, the more finely both the injector and injection nozzle can be constructed. This improves atomization and results in a better air-fuel mixture, meaning that optimum combustion is achieved and no soot can form.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Systems competence:<\/span> A higher injection pressure requires more than just a re-engineered injector. With its comprehensive diesel systems competence, Bosch is able to assemble a finely tuned system comprising not only the control unit, but also the fuel pump, the common-rail system and the injector.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 2 Bosch CRS3-25 with 2,500 bar pressure. A higher injection pressure requires more than just a re-engineered injector. With its comprehensive diesel systems competence, Bosch is able to assemble a finely tuned system comprising not only the control unit, but also the fuel pump, the common-rail system and the injector.
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Development of injection pressure \u2013 Bosch began with 100 bar <\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

up to 100 bar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Goal at the start of development in 1922
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

over 100 bar <\/strong>
\nFirst series-production inline injection pump
\n(MAN truck, 1927)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

300 bar<\/strong>
\nVE distributor injection pump (VW Golf D, 1975)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

900 bar<\/strong>
\nAxial-piston pump (Audi 100 TDI, 1989)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

1,500 \u2013 1,750 bar<\/strong>
\nVP 44 radial-piston pump
\n(Opel Vectra, Audi A6\u00a02.5 TDI, 1996; BMW 320d, 1998)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

1,350 bar<\/strong>
\nCommon rail (Alfa-Romeo 156\u00a02.4 JTD, 1997)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

2,050 bar<\/strong>
\nUnit injector system (VW Passat TDI, 1998)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

over 2,000 bar<\/strong>
\nCommon rail with piezo injector
\n(first deployed in the Audi A6\u00a03.0 TDI, 2003\/4)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

2,500 bar<\/strong>
\nCRS3-25 common-rail system (available in series-production vehicles as of 2014)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Higher injection pressure saves fuel and also increases performance and torque. “Over the next decade, the vast majority of diesel engines will manage with injection pressures of around 2,000 bar. Although 3,000 bar is not unrealistic, it will be limited to racing cars and high-performance diesel engines.” (Dr. Markus Heyn, President of the Diesel Systems […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-automotive"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p79TdE-s1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1229,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=1229","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":0},"title":"Diesel injection technology with up to 2,500 bar injection pressure","author":"Tom Denton","date":"September 13, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"Some interesting information from Bosch (www.bosch.com): As a pioneer of diesel injection technology, Bosch offers a wide range of common-rail systems for diverse markets and applications. From two to twelve cylinders, for the Asian, European, and U.S. markets - Bosch has the right system in its portfolio for every kind\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":524,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=524","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":1},"title":"Common Rail","author":"Tom Denton","date":"September 7, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Bosch is the only company worldwide to offer common-rail systems for the entire engine spectrum, from passenger-car and diesel commercial-vehicle engines to large diesel engines. Bosch developed the MCRS modular common-rail system for large diesel engines that have high engine speeds, up to 2.2 megawatts of power, and over 2.5\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2383,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2383","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":2},"title":"Electrification and internet in the car","author":"Tom Denton","date":"May 7, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Bosch is linking new technologies to gasoline and diesel \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gasoline engines: 350 bar for direct injection \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diesel engines: 48-volt hybrid to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dr. Rolf Bulander: \u201cBits and bytes are making cars more efficient\u201d Paper for download: Dr. Rolf Bulander - Powertrain optimization using a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"1-DS-19451-e","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1-DS-19451-e-e1430995175337-1024x486.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":229,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=229","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":3},"title":"Bosch Common Rail Systems","author":"Tom Denton","date":"April 21, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Bosch Common Rail Systems Lower fuel consumption \u2013 lower emissions Robust and powerful \u00b7 CRS2-18-OHW tailored to the specific requirements of the off-highway segment \u00b7 CRSN3.3 for on- and off-highway applications \u00b7 Cost-effective high-pressure pumps with up to 1,800-bar injection pressure Bosch diesel-injection systems deliver low pollutant emissions and reduced\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2750,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2750","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":4},"title":"Bosch diesel technology provides solution to NOx problem","author":"Tom Denton","date":"April 25, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Bosch CEO Denner also calls for transparency on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions \u0084Unprecedented emissions: NOx 10 times lower than limits set for 2020 \u0084New Bosch technology retains advantage with regard to fuel consumption and environmental impact \u0084Denner: \u201cThere\u2019s a future for diesel. Soon, emissions will no longer be an\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Automotive"","block_context":{"text":"Automotive","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=15"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/bosch_pems_20180412_011-300x200.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2438,"url":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?p=2438","url_meta":{"origin":1737,"position":5},"title":"Direct injection for CNG engines","author":"Tom Denton","date":"September 11, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction Direct injection is not only something for diesel and gasoline engines. In compressed natural gas (CNG) engines, it could also make cars even more economical and eco-friendly. Driving enjoyment would also be boosted: compared with present systems that use manifold gas injection, it could deliver as much as 60\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Alternative fuel"","block_context":{"text":"Alternative fuel","link":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/?cat=39"},"img":{"alt_text":"Direct4Gas-Infografik_EN_150908","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/1-BBM-21524-e-300x200.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1737"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2060,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions\/2060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tomdenton.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}